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Data grid
A data grid is an architecture or set of services that gives individuals or groups of users the ability to access, modify and transfer extremely large amounts of geographically distributed data for research purposes.〔Allcock, Bill; Chervenak, Ann; Foster, Ian; et al. Data Grid tools: enabling science on big distributed data〕 Data grids make this possible through a host of middleware applications and services that pull together data and resources from multiple administrative domains and then present it to users upon request. The data in a data grid can be located at a single site or multiple sites where each site can be its own administrative domain governed by a set of security restrictions as to who may access the data.〔Venugopal, Srikumar; Buyya, Rajkumar; Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri. A taxonomy of data grids for distributed data sharing - management and processing p.37〕 Likewise, multiple replicas of the data may be distributed throughout the grid outside their original administrative domain and the security restrictions placed on the original data for who may access it must be equally applied to the replicas.〔Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad; Graham, Peter; Eskicioglu, Rasit. Adaptive replica placement in hierarchical data grids. p.15〕 Specifically developed data grid middleware is what handles the integration between users and the data they request by controlling access while making it available as efficiently as possible. The diagram to the right depicts a high level view of a data grid.
==Middleware==
Middleware provides all the services and applications necessary for efficient management of datasets and files within the data grid while providing users quick access to the datasets and files.〔Padala, Pradeep. A survey of data middleware for Grid systems p.1〕 There are a number of concepts and tools that must be available to make a data grid operationally viable. However, at the same time not all data grids require the same capabilities and services because of differences in access requirements, security and location of resources in comparison to users. In any case, most data grids will have similar middleware services that provide for a universal name space, data transport service, data access service, data replication and resource management service. When taken together, they are key to the data grids functional capabilities.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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